10/21/2019

Introduction:

As everyone knows, the 2019 Hong Kong protests lead Hong Kong and China into a severe situation. Clashes between police and activists have become increasingly violent. There are identity problems between protesters and officers. I concern about the situation very much and this project aims to explore Hong Kong people’s values and belief and hope to find out some potential factors that lead to the conflicts.

Data Description:

The dataset is World Values Survey data of Hong Kong from 2010 to 2014. The data are results from a survey with 114 questions. Overall, the data collected was based on a scale system. (For example some questions were answered on a 1-10 scale of satisfactory with 1.completely not satisfied and 10.completely satisfied.) The dataset contains 430 total columns and 1000 observations.

Data Cleaning:

Prior to any analysis, the data was cleaned by fixing weird value: deleting columns that only has -2 and -4 value. It is because when a column only has -2 and -4 value it means no one of the 1000 observations answered the question.

Exploratory Factor Analysis:

Since there are 430 variables, it is impossible to analyze all of them. To solve the problem, I did factor analysis. And the result shows that the 430 variables could be classified into 28 categories.

## Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  37  and the number of components =  NA
## [1] 0.02359454
## [1] 0.7359637
##      RMSEA      lower      upper confidence 
## 0.02894592 0.02488404         NA 0.90000000

EDA

In order to explore Hong Kong people’s values and belief and find out potential factors that lead to the conflicts, there appear to be five main parts for analysis:
1. Satisfaction with life
2. Financial situation
3. Identity
4. Confidence in the government
5. Attitude towards democracy

Satisfaction with life

Satisfaction.with.your.life :

For Figure 1, 10 means completely satisfied while 1 means completely not satisfied. It shows people are overall satisfied with their life.

Satisfaction with life

Satisfaction.with.your.life by Age:

Satisfaction with life

Feeling.of.happiness :

Figure 3 shows most people are fairly happy.

Satisfaction with life

Feeling.of.happiness by Age:

Satisfaction with life

How.much.freedom.of.choice.and.control.over.own.life :

For Figure 5, 10 means much freedom to choose while 1 means completely no freedom to choose. It shows people are overall satisfied freedom.

Satisfaction with life

How.much.freedom.of.choice.and.control.over.own.life by Age:

Financial situation

Scale.of.incomes :

Figure 7 is in normal distribution form and it is reasonable.

Financial situation

Scale.of.incomes by Age:

Financial situation

Mosaic Plots for Satisfaction with life and Incomes :

It shows people with low income are strongly disatisfied with their life.

Financial situation

Satisfaction.with.financial.situation.of.household :

Financial situation

Satisfaction.with.financial.situation.of.household by Age:

Financial situation

Are.you.the.chief.wage.earner.in.your.house :

Financial situation

Are.you.the.chief.wage.earner.in.your.house by Age:

Financial situation

Is.the.chief.wage.earner.employed.now.or.not :

Financial situation

Is.the.chief.wage.earner.employed.now.or.not by Age:

It is suprisingly that Figure 15 shows older people have higher unemplotment rate.

Financial situation

Family.savings.during.past.year :

These plots show that Hong Kong people are overall in good financial situation.

Financial situation

Family.savings.during.past.year by Age:

These plots show that Hong Kong people are overall in good financial situation.

Identity

How.proud.of.nationality :

Figure 18 shows people are proud of being a Hong Konger.

Identity

How.proud.of.nationality by Age:

Identity

I see myself as a part of the local community, a Hong Konger :

Identity

I see myself as a part of the local community, a Hong Konger by Age:

Identity

I see myself as a part of the Chinese nation :

It is surprisingly that Figure 22 show most people consider themselves as a part of the Chinese nation.

Identity

I see myself as a part of the Chinese nation by Age:

Figure 23 shows that younger people are being less considering themselves as a part of the Chinese nation.

Confidence in the government

Confidence..The.police :

Confidence in the government

Confidence..The.police by Age:

Figure 25 shows younger people are significantly have less confidence in the police.

Confidence in the government

Confidence..Hong Kong government :

Confidence in the government

Confidence..Hong Kong government by Age:

Figure 27 shows younger people are significantly have less confidence in Hong Kong government.

Confidence in the government

Confidence..Mainland government :

Sadly, Figure 28 shows most people have no confidence in Mainland government.

Confidence in the government

Confidence..Mainland government by Age:

Figure 29 shows younger people are significantly have less confidence in Mainland government.

Attitude towards democracy

Importance.of.democracy :

For Figure 30, 10 means very important while 1 means not very important. It shows people are overall consider democracy important.

Attitude towards democracy

Importance.of.democracy by Age:

Attitude towards democracy

How.democratically.is.this.country.being.governed.today :

For Figure 32, 10 means very democratic while 1 means not democratic at all.

Attitude towards democracy

How.democratically.is.this.country.being.governed.today by Age:

It shows younger people think the society is more democratic.

ggpairs plot between Confidence in Mainland government and other parts

Information gain from the ggpairs plots

The ggpairs plots show that people who have no confidence in Mainland government have high confidence in Hong KOng government and the police. And they also strongly agree that they are a part of Chinese nation. From this, We can say that Hong Kong protesters may satisfied with Hong Kong government and have the same national identity with people from Mainland China. However, for some reasons, they are disatisfied with Mainland government. Since younger people trend to feel more disatisfied with Mainland government, the reasons may correlate with education.